Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) (Na-CMC)

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble derivative of cellulose, produced by reacting cellulose with chloroacetic acid. It is characterized by its high viscosity, mucoadhesive properties, and ability to retain water, making it a versatile agent in pharmaceutical and food industries (PubChem CID 23706213). In clinical practice, CMC is primarily utilized as a lubricant in artificial tear formulations to manage dry eye syndrome, where it stabilizes the precorneal tear film and reduces ocular surface friction (StatPearls, NBK470411). It also functions as a bulk-forming laxative in the gastrointestinal tract and as a stabilizing excipient in various drug delivery systems to modulate drug release profiles (FDA 21CFR182.1745). Because CMC acts through physical and mechanical means rather than by binding to specific biological receptors or enzymes, it is not a therapeutic target in the traditional pharmacological sense. Instead, it is classified as a functional polymer or active pharmaceutical ingredient that provides structural or physical benefits. Its safety profile is well-established, leading to its widespread use as a "Generally Recognized as Safe" (GRAS) substance in both medical and consumer products.

Other names

Carboxymethylcellulose sodiumCellulose gumCMCE466Sodium CMCCarboxymethylcellulose

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose acts as a physical lubricant and viscosity-increasing agent. In ophthalmic use, it stabilizes the precorneal tear film and reduces ocular surface friction. In the gastrointestinal tract, it absorbs water to increase stool bulk and facilitate peristalsis.