Spike glycoprotein (S) - SARS-CoV-2 Beta Variant (S protein Beta Variant)

The spike glycoprotein (S protein) of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant (lineage B.1.351) is a large, trimeric class I fusion protein that mediates viral entry into host cells. It binds to the human ACE2 receptor via the S1 subunit, specifically the receptor binding domain (RBD), and facilitates membrane fusion via the S2 subunit. Key mutations in the Beta variant's spike, including K417N, E484K, and N501Y, enhance ACE2 binding affinity and reduce neutralization by antibodies from prior infection or vaccination. The spike protein is a major antigenic target, but these mutations contribute to immune evasion, reducing the effectiveness of some vaccines and antibody therapies. The Beta variant was associated with increased transmissibility and higher case-fatality rates, raising significant concerns regarding vaccine escape.

Other names

Spike protein BetaSARS-CoV-2 Beta SpikeBeta variant spike glycoprotein

Vaccines and antibodies target the spike protein to block ACE2 binding and prevent viral entry.