Spike glycoprotein (SARS-CoV-2)

The spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 is a large, trimeric transmembrane protein essential for viral entry into host cells. It mediates binding to the ACE2 receptor and subsequent membrane fusion. As the primary target for neutralizing antibodies, it is the basis for most COVID-19 vaccines. The spike protein undergoes proteolytic cleavage and significant conformational changes to facilitate viral entry. Its extensive glycosylation contributes to immune evasion.

Other names

S proteinSARS-2-S

Neutralizing antibodies bind to the spike protein, preventing its interaction with ACE2 or blocking the conformational changes necessary for membrane fusion. Vaccines elicit an antibody response that targets the spike protein.