T cell receptor (tumor antigen-specific) (TCR (tumor antigen-specific))

Tumor antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) are immune cell surface molecules expressed on T lymphocytes that recognize peptide antigens derived from tumor proteins, presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules of cancer cells. In adoptive cell therapy, autologous or allogeneic T cells are genetically engineered or selected for a TCR with potent specificity for a tumor antigen, and then infused back into the patient. Upon recognizing tumor cells, these TCRs initiate T cell activation leading to targeted cell death via secretion of cytolytic granules (perforin, granzyme) and cytokines. The specificity and sensitivity of TCRs enable recognition of both cell surface and intracellular tumor antigens, but efficacy and safety depend on precise antigen selection, receptor affinity, and the associated risk profile. TCR-T therapy holds promise for solid tumors and hematological cancers unresponsive to other immunotherapies.

Other names

tumor antigen-specific TCRTCR-engineered T cellsTCR-T cellsinfused T cell receptoradoptive T cell therapy

Recognition of peptide-MHC complexes on tumor cells, leading to T cell activation and targeted cytotoxicity; Induction of cytokine secretion, proliferation, and cytolytic activity