T-cell receptor recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived peptide–MHC complexes (TCR-Spike-pMHC) (TCR-Spike-pMHC)

T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognizing spike-derived peptide–MHC complexes are essential mediators of the adaptive immune response against SARS-CoV-2. These receptors, found on the surface of T lymphocytes, specifically identify fragments of the viral spike protein that are processed and presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules on infected cells or professional antigen-presenting cells (Shomuradova et al., 2020, Immunity). The recognition of these complexes is a prerequisite for T-cell activation, which leads to the destruction of virally infected cells and the coordination of the broader immune response (Saini et al., 2021, Science Immunology). In clinical practice, these TCR-pMHC interactions are the primary targets of COVID-19 vaccines, which aim to elicit a robust and durable T-cell memory (Nelde et al., 2021, Nature Immunology). Furthermore, researchers are developing adoptive T-cell therapies (TCR-T) that use engineered TCRs to target specific spike epitopes, such as the immunodominant HLA-A*02:01-restricted YLQPRTFLL peptide, to treat severe or persistent COVID-19 (Nguyen et al., 2021, Nature Communications). Understanding the diversity and specificity of these TCRs is crucial for monitoring population immunity and designing next-generation therapeutics that can withstand viral evolution (Panagioti et al., 2022, Frontiers in Immunology).

Other names

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T-cell receptorSpike-reactive TCRTCR-pMHC complex (Spike)Spike-specific TCR

The TCR specifically binds to a viral peptide derived from the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein presented by a Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecule. This interaction triggers a signaling cascade through the CD3 complex, leading to T-cell activation, proliferation, and the release of cytotoxic granules or cytokines to eliminate infected cells (Shomuradova et al., 2020, Immunity).