T helper 1 cell (Th1) (Th1)

Th1 cells are a subset of CD4+ T lymphocytes central to the induction and regulation of cellular immune responses against intracellular pathogens such as viruses and some bacteria[1][2][3]. Th1 differentiation is driven primarily by IL-12 and IFN-γ, secreted by antigen-presenting cells. Th1 cells secrete IFN-γ, TNF-α, and other proinflammatory cytokines, which activate macrophages and promote cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, vital for controlling infections like tuberculosis and aiding anti-tumor immunity[1][3]. Th1-driven immune responses can also contribute to chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases if not properly regulated[1][3].

Other names

T helper type 1 cellTh1 cellT helper 1 lymphocyte

Induction of Th1 cytokine secretion (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-12) to stimulate cellular immunity\nActivation of macrophages\nEnhancement of CTL function