Taste receptor type 2 member 3 (TAS2R3) (TAS2R3)

Taste receptor type 2 member 3 (TAS2R3) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the family of bitter taste receptors (T2Rs). While primarily localized to the taste buds of the tongue where it mediates the perception of bitter substances, TAS2R3 is also expressed in extra-oral tissues such as the respiratory epithelium, gastrointestinal tract, and immune cells (UniProt P59591). In the airways, TAS2R3 activation by bitter ligands like chloroquine or quinine triggers protective mechanisms, including increased ciliary beat frequency and bronchodilation, making it a target of interest for obstructive lung diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PubMed: 26718153). Additionally, TAS2R3 plays a role in the innate immune system by detecting bacterial signaling molecules, such as acyl-homoserine lactones, and initiating antimicrobial responses (PubMed: 22976356). Genetic polymorphisms in the TAS2R3 gene are known to influence individual sensitivity to specific bitter compounds, which can impact dietary preferences and potentially metabolic health (NCBI Gene: 50831). Pharmacological targeting of TAS2R3 aims to leverage its bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties, though challenges remain regarding the specificity of ligands and the systemic implications of activating receptors with such diverse tissue distribution.

Other names

T2R3TRB2Taste receptor family B member 2G-protein coupled receptor 58hTAS2R3

Agonism of the receptor activates the G protein gustducin, leading to intracellular calcium release and subsequent physiological responses such as ciliary beating or bronchodilation.