Taste receptor type 2 member 45 (TAS2R45) (TAS2R45)

Taste receptor type 2 member 45 (TAS2R45), also known as GPR59, is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that belongs to the TAS2R family, which is primarily responsible for the detection of bitter-tasting compounds. While its canonical role is in the oral cavity for gustatory perception, TAS2R45 is also expressed in various extra-oral tissues, including the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal system, and immune cells, where it acts as a chemosensor for endogenous and exogenous compounds. In the airways, activation of TAS2R family members is known to induce bronchodilation and increase ciliary beat frequency, positioning the family as a potential therapeutic target for obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although TAS2R45 is currently classified as an orphan receptor with no widely recognized specific agonists, it is a subject of interest in drug discovery for its potential roles in modulating inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and cell proliferation. Genetic variations, such as copy number polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms, have been identified in the TAS2R45 gene, which may influence individual differences in taste sensitivity and disease susceptibility.

Other names

G-protein coupled receptor 59GPR59T2R45ZG24PTaste 2 receptor member 45