Tax1-binding protein 3 (TAX1BP3) (TIP-1)

Tax1-binding protein 3 (TAX1BP3), also known as Tax-interacting protein 1 (TIP-1), is a small scaffolding protein (124 amino acids) consisting of a single PDZ domain [1, 6]. It was originally identified as a binding partner for the HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein and is involved in various signaling pathways, including the negative regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin and the activation of Rho GTPases [1, 3, 6]. TIP-1 is frequently overexpressed in invasive cancers and can translocate to the cell surface following ionizing radiation, serving as a radiation-inducible neo-antigen [2, 3]. This unique property allows for the specific targeting of irradiated tumors using monoclonal antibodies like 2C6F3 or peptide-based ligands [2, 4]. Therapeutic interventions aim to inhibit its role in cancer cell migration and metastasis or to deliver cytotoxic agents specifically to the tumor site [2, 4]. Mutations in the TAX1BP3 gene have also been linked to rare developmental syndromes involving the heart and brain [6].

Other names

Tax-interacting protein 1TIP-1Glutaminase-interacting proteinGIPTIP1Glutaminase-interacting protein 3

Monoclonal antibody binding to surface-expressed TIP-1 to induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) or deliver radioisotopes (radioimmunotherapy); inhibition of PDZ-mediated protein-protein interactions to suppress metastasis and cell proliferation.