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Thiol (or sulfhydryl group) (null)
- Target
- null
- Molecular classification
- Other (Chemical functional group)
01
Overview
Thiols, also called mercaptans, are a class of organic compounds containing a sulfhydryl group (–SH) bonded to a carbon atom. They are the sulfur analogues of alcohols and are chemically and biologically important due to their nucleophilicity, acidic nature, and ability to undergo redox reactions. Thiol groups are key for protein structure (via cysteine residues, forming disulfide bridges), detoxification (as in glutathione), and are commonly found in both biological systems and industrial compounds. While the thiol group itself is not a therapeutic target, molecules that contain thiols (like cysteine or glutathione) participate in essential biochemical processes. In drug development and physiological monitoring, the reactivity of thiol groups is harnessed for antioxidant therapies, metal chelation, and in redox biology
- Other names
- MercaptanSulfhydryl group
02
Mechanism of action
Reduction/antioxidant activity Disulfide bond reduction Chelation of metals
03
Biological functions
Redox chemistry (especially via cysteine residues)Disulfide bond formation and protein stabilityNucleophilicity in enzymatic reactionsDetoxification (in glutathione)Metal ion binding
04
Disease associations
Other (not direct, but thiol groups in proteins such as cysteine and glutathione are implicated in oxidative stress, cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation, etc.)
05
Safety considerations
Volatility and strong, unpleasant odor (especially in low molecular weight thiols)Potential toxicity/reaction with heavy metalsAllergic response (rare, but possible for some thiol-containing drugs)
06
Interacting drugs
N-acetylcysteine (provides thiol groups, antioxidant, mucolytic)
4 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Total plasma thiol content (used for redox status)Glutathione levels (reflects cellular antioxidant capacity)
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