Thioredoxin, mitochondrial (TXN2)

Thioredoxin, mitochondrial (TXN2), also known as thioredoxin-2, is a small (~12 kDa) redox-active protein found in the mitochondrial matrix, encoded by the human TXN2 gene on chromosome 22[1][4][6]. It is a member of the conserved thioredoxin family, characterized by a Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site motif, and functions as a disulfide reductase, maintaining proteins in a reduced state[1][3][6]. TXN2 regulates mitochondrial redox homeostasis, protects against oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species, and inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis, supporting mitochondrial membrane potential and cell survival[1][3][4]. Dysregulation of TXN2 is implicated in cancer, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and other conditions associated with oxidative stress, making it a relevant therapeutic target for diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance[1][4][6].

Other names

thioredoxin-2Trx2mitochondrial thioredoxinTRX-2

Inhibition of thioredoxin 2 reduces mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, increases ROS, and promotes apoptosis in cancer or stressed cells[1]. Modulation of the thioredoxin system may sensitize cells to oxidative stress and chemotherapies.