Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathway (TGF-β1 signaling pathway)

The transforming growth factor beta-1 signaling pathway is a multifaceted regulatory cascade initiated by the cytokine TGF-β1 binding its cognate type 1 and type 2 receptors. This event triggers activation of intracellular SMAD transcription factors and multiple non-canonical effectors, leading to regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immunomodulation, and extracellular matrix production. Dysregulation is associated with a variety of human diseases including cancer, fibrosis, and immune disorders; therapeutic strategies may target either the ligand (TGF-β1), its receptors, or downstream signaling mediators

Other names

Transforming growth factor beta-1 pathwayTGF-beta-1 pathwayTGF-β1 pathway

Inhibition of ligand-receptor interaction (neutralizing TGF-β1 with antibodies); Inhibition of receptor kinase activity (antagonists blocking TGF-β receptor type 1 signaling); Ligand trapping (fusion proteins bind circulating TGF-β1)