Tumor Cell (via Selective Viral Oncolysis)

Tumor cells are targeted using oncolytic viruses (OVs) that selectively infect, replicate within, and destroy cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. This approach exploits the unique vulnerabilities of tumor cells, such as defective antiviral responses or overexpression of certain receptors, to achieve selective targeting and lysis. Selectivity is achieved through gene deletions in the virus, receptor targeting via modified viral surface proteins, and transcriptional targeting using tumor-specific promoters. The process results in direct lysis of the infected tumor cell, release of viral particles to infect neighboring cells, and stimulation of an anti-tumor immune response. Commonly used OVs include vaccinia virus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Oncolytic virotherapy is being tested across various solid and hematologic malignancies.

Other names

Cancer CellMalignant Cell

Selective infection and replication of oncolytic viruses leading to direct lysis of tumor cells and stimulation of an anti-tumor immune response.