Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) (TNFR)

Tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) are a group of type I transmembrane proteins that belong to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) [UniProt: P19438, P20333]. The two primary members, TNFR1 (CD120a) and TNFR2 (CD120b), mediate the biological effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine [PubMed: 29345550]. TNFR1 is ubiquitously expressed and contains a death domain that can trigger apoptosis, while TNFR2 is primarily expressed on immune cells and promotes cell survival and proliferation [StatPearls: NBK470457]. These receptors play a critical role in regulating immune responses, inflammation, and programmed cell death [PubMed: 30108312]. Dysregulation of TNFR signaling is implicated in various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease [NIH: PMC3134830]. Therapeutic strategies often involve the use of monoclonal antibodies or soluble receptor fusion proteins, like etanercept, to neutralize TNF-alpha and prevent its interaction with these receptors, thereby dampening the inflammatory response [PubChem: CID 118962444].

Other names

TNFRSFTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamilyCD120Death receptor

Neutralization of TNF-alpha ligand or competitive inhibition of ligand-receptor binding via soluble decoy receptors [StatPearls: NBK470457].