Tumor-specific neo-antigen (TSNA) (TSNA)

Tumor-specific neo-antigens (TSNAs) are novel, non-self peptides that arise from somatic mutations within a tumor's genome, such as single nucleotide variants, insertions/deletions, or gene fusions (Source: NCI). Unlike tumor-associated antigens, TSNAs are not expressed in normal tissues, making them ideal targets for immunotherapy with minimal risk of central tolerance or autoimmunity (Source: Nature Reviews Cancer). These antigens are presented on the surface of cancer cells by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, where they can be recognized by the host's T-cell receptors (Source: PubMed). Therapeutic strategies targeting TSNAs include personalized cancer vaccines (mRNA, peptide, or DNA-based) and adoptive cell therapies like TCR-engineered T-cells (Source: Frontiers in Immunology). By leveraging the unique mutational profile of an individual's tumor, these therapies aim to stimulate a robust and specific cytotoxic T-cell response to eliminate malignant cells (Source: Journal of Hematology & Oncology).

Other names

NeoantigenNeo-antigenTumor-specific antigenTSAMutation-derived antigenPrivate antigen

Induction of a tumor-specific T-cell response through the presentation of mutated peptides on MHC molecules, leading to the recognition and lysis of cancer cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Source: NIH, Nature).