Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) (VLDLR)

The Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is a transmembrane protein belonging to the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family [UniProt: P98155]. It plays a critical role in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by mediating the endocytosis of VLDL and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) into cells, particularly in the heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue [StatPearls: NBK305896]. Beyond its metabolic functions, VLDLR is a key component of the Reelin signaling pathway, which is essential for proper neuronal migration and brain development [PubMed: 10508190]. In disease contexts, VLDLR is implicated in cerebellar ataxia when mutated, and its overexpression in certain cancers promotes angiogenesis and tumor growth [NIH: GARD; PubMed: 28652405]. While not as primary a target for cholesterol-lowering as the LDL receptor, VLDLR is regulated by the protease PCSK9; consequently, PCSK9 inhibitors like evolocumab and alirocumab increase VLDLR density on cell surfaces, contributing to the reduction of circulating lipoproteins [PubMed: 22460921].

Other names

VLDL receptorVLDL-RVery low density lipoprotein receptorVLDLR protein

VLDLR facilitates the cellular uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; PCSK9 inhibitors indirectly target VLDLR by preventing its degradation, thereby increasing receptor density and enhancing lipoprotein clearance [PubMed: 22460921].