Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D (CACNA1D) (CACNA1D)

Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D (CACNA1D), also known as Cav1.3, is a pore-forming subunit of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels that mediates the entry of calcium ions into cells upon membrane depolarization [1, 2]. It is primarily expressed in the brain, heart (specifically the sinoatrial node), and endocrine tissues such as the adrenal glands and pancreas [1, 3]. Unlike the closely related Cav1.2 channel, Cav1.3 activates at lower voltages, making it a key regulator of neuronal excitability and cardiac pacemaking [3]. Mutations in CACNA1D are associated with several disorders, including primary aldosteronism, sinoatrial node dysfunction and deafness (SANDD) syndrome, and neurodevelopmental conditions like autism and bipolar disorder [2, 4]. Pharmacologically, Cav1.3 is targeted by L-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs) such as nifedipine and isradipine, which are used to treat hypertension, though these drugs often lack selectivity over Cav1.2 [5]. Research is currently exploring Cav1.3-selective inhibitors as potential neuroprotective agents for Parkinson's disease and for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders [3, 5].

Other names

Cav1.3CACN4CCHL1A2Calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide, isoform 2SANDDPASNA

Inhibition of voltage-gated L-type calcium channels to reduce calcium influx into cells.