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Voltage-gated calcium channel protein (primary α1 subunit, e.g., "Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C subunit") (VGCC (or CaV for calcium voltage-gated channel, e.g., CaV1.2))
- Target
- VGCC (or CaV for calcium voltage-gated channel, e.g., CaV1.2)
- Molecular classification
- Ion channel, Transmembrane protein, Voltage-gated ion channel
01
Overview
Voltage-gated calcium channels are transmembrane ion channels primarily responsible for the influx of calcium ions during membrane depolarization. This influx triggers critical physiological functions including neurotransmitter release at synapses, contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle, hormone secretion, and gene regulation. Different channel isoforms (L-type, T-type, P/Q-type, N-type, R-type) are distinguished by pharmacological properties, physiological roles, and tissue distribution. Dysregulation or altered function of these channels is implicated in various diseases including cardiac arrhythmias, some forms of hypertension, neurodegenerative disease, and various pain syndromes. Calcium channel blockers represent a major drug class targeting these channels for therapeutic benefit.
- Other names
- Voltage-dependent calcium channelCalcium channel, L-typeCaV channelCalcium influx channel
02
Mechanism of action
Blockade of Ca^2+^ influx; Modulation of channel gating/inactivation (can be via direct channel binding or modulation via calmodulin)
03
Biological functions
Electrical excitability (generation/propagation of action potentials)Calcium influxNeurotransmitter releaseMuscle contractionHormone releaseRegulation of gene expression
04
Disease associations
Cardiovascular disease (arrhythmias, hypertension)Neurodegenerative diseases (excitotoxicity, epilepsy)Pain syndromes (neuropathic pain)Endocrine disorders (aldosteronism)
05
Safety considerations
Cardiac conduction abnormalities (heart block, bradycardia with blockers)HypotensionNegative inotropic effectsNeuromuscular effects with excessive inhibition
06
Interacting drugs
Calcium channel blockers (e.g., verapamil, amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem)
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
Plasma aldosterone levels (T-type calcium channel activity can correlate in adrenal adenoma)Calcium transient imaging or patch clamp activation kinetics
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