CTL Immunotherapies

CTL Immunotherapies was a pioneering biotechnology company focused on the development of therapeutic DNA vaccines and immunotherapies for cancer and chronic infectious diseases. Founded in 1997 by John Simard, the company developed the Synchrovax and Synchrotope platforms to design plasmid DNA vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens. Its lead clinical candidates, Synchrovax SEM and Synchrotope TA2M, were designed to treat advanced melanoma by encoding specific epitopes of Melan-A and tyrosinase to stimulate a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. In 2001, CTL Immunotherapies was merged with AlleCure and Pharmaceutical Discovery Corporation to form MannKind Corporation.