Toleris Biotherapeutics

Rubius Therapeutics, originally founded as Toleris Biotherapeutics, was a clinical-stage biotechnology company that pioneered the development of Red Cell Therapeutics (RCTs). By utilizing its proprietary RED Platform, the company genetically engineered hematopoietic stem cells to create enucleated red blood cells that expressed therapeutic proteins for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and rare metabolic disorders. The company's lead programs included RTX-240 for solid tumors and RTX-134 for the treatment of phenylketonuria. Despite significant early investment and a successful IPO, Rubius faced clinical trial challenges and a difficult funding environment. In early 2023, the company announced a plan of liquidation and dissolution, ultimately ceasing all operations and selling its manufacturing assets.