Tuscan Serotherapy and Vaccinogenic Institute

The Tuscan Serotherapy and Vaccinogenic Institute (Istituto Sieroterapico e Vaccinogeno Toscano) was founded in 1904 by Professor Achille Sclavo in Siena, Italy. It was established as a pioneering center for the development of life-saving sera and vaccines, most notably producing the first effective treatment for anthrax. Over the decades, the institute grew into a major industrial entity known as Sclavo, playing a critical role in public health by providing vaccines for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The organization underwent several transitions, eventually being acquired by Biocine, Chiron, and Novartis. Today, its historical legacy and facilities are integrated into GSK's global vaccine research and manufacturing operations, maintaining Siena's status as a world-class hub for immunology.