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Drug intelligence / Profile preview
γ-butyrobetaine
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral
01
Overview
γ-Butyrobetaine (also known as gamma-butyrobetaine or GBB) is a naturally occurring zwitterionic compound and the immediate endogenous biosynthetic precursor to L-carnitine. It is synthesized from lysine and methionine and is subsequently converted into L-carnitine by the enzyme gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase (BBOX1). γ-Butyrobetaine is widely used as a dietary supplement (often marketed as 'pre-carnitine' or 'GBB') in sports nutrition and weight loss products to enhance mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, energy production, and thermogenesis. Additionally, it is studied as a gut microbial metabolite of L-carnitine that can be converted into the pro-atherosclerotic compound trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO).
- Other names
- 3-dehydroxycarnitine4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate4-trimethylammoniobutanoic acidgamma-butyrobetaineGBBpre-carnitine
02
Targets
BBOX1 (Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase)
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