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1BB1 is a monoclonal antibody that acts as an antagonist to interleukin-19 (IL-19), a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family. IL-19 is frequently overexpressed in various malignancies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), where it promotes tumor progression, cell proliferation, and migration by binding to the IL-20R1/IL-20R2 receptor complex. 1BB1 works by neutralizing IL-19, thereby blocking its interaction with its receptors and inhibiting the downstream signaling pathways that drive tumor growth. Preclinical studies in animal models of ESCC have demonstrated that treatment with 1BB1 at doses such as 15 mg/kg can significantly reduce tumor weight and volume. The antibody was primarily developed in an academic research setting to evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-19 in oncology and inflammatory conditions.
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