3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a synthetic cathinone and a potent small molecule norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). Originally developed by Boehringer Ingelheim in the 1960s as a potential central nervous system stimulant, it never entered clinical trials and has no approved medical uses. It acts by blocking the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) with high affinity, leading to increased synaptic concentrations of these neurotransmitters. In the 2000s, it emerged as a recreational designer drug, often sold as 'bath salts' under names like 'Ivory Wave' and 'Vanilla Sky.' It is associated with severe psychostimulant effects, including paranoia, hyperthermia, and tachycardia, and is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.

Other names

MDPVIvory WaveVanilla SkyEnergy-1Energy1Energy 1