3-indolepropionic acid

3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) is a gut microbiota-derived metabolite produced through the deamination of tryptophan, primarily by specific bacterial species such as *Clostridium sporogenes*. It acts as a potent endogenous antioxidant and a signaling molecule that plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. IPA is known to activate the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and the Pregnane X receptor (PXR), which collectively enhance the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier and exert anti-inflammatory effects. Research, including studies presented at ECCO 2025, indicates that exogenous administration of IPA can alleviate symptoms of ulcerative colitis in animal models by improving mucosal barrier function through Nrf2 activation, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent or postbiotic for inflammatory bowel diseases.

Other names

IPAindole-3-propionic acidindole3-propionic acidindole 3-propionic acid3-(3-Indolyl)propionic acid