31F9

31F9 is a fully human monoclonal antibody (humAb) specifically targeting the ganglioside GD2. Developed by MabVax Therapeutics in collaboration with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 31F9 was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients immunized with a GD2-lactone-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (GD2L-KLH) conjugate vaccine. The antibody demonstrates high specificity and affinity (~4 nM) for GD2, with minimal cross-reactivity to other gangliosides. In preclinical functional assays, 31F9 has shown potent anti-tumor activity via complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In vivo studies using xenograft models have demonstrated its ability to inhibit tumor growth and improve survival in GD2-positive cancers such as neuroblastoma, sarcoma, and melanoma.