4-chlorowithaferin A

4-chlorowithaferin A (4cl-A) is a semi-synthetic derivative of withaferin A, a steroidal lactone derived from the plant *Withania somnifera* (Ashwagandha). It is primarily investigated for its anticarcinogenic and cytotoxic effects, particularly in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The compound acts as a specific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and modulates several signaling pathways associated with tumor survival and progression. Its mechanism of action involves the induction of apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, characterized by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and the subsequent release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, 4-chlorowithaferin A has been shown to downregulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, which contributes to its anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties.

Other names

4-chloro-withaferin A4-chloro-5,6-epoxy-17,20,22-trihydroxy-1-oxo-ergosta-2,24-dien-26-oic acid delta-lactone