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4-fluoroamphetamine
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- Maastricht University
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral
01
Overview
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is a synthetic substituted amphetamine and a novel psychoactive substance (NPS) that acts as a triple monoamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor. Chemically related to both amphetamine and MDMA, it produces a pharmacological profile intermediate between the two, characterized by stimulant and entactogenic effects. While not an approved therapeutic agent, it has been investigated in Phase 1 clinical trials by Maastricht University to characterize its safety, pharmacokinetics, and neurocognitive effects in humans. Recreational use has been associated with severe cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, including hypertensive crisis and intracranial hemorrhage.
- Other names
- 4-fluoro-alpha-methylphenethylaminepara-fluoroamphetamine4-fluoramphetamineFluxFlits
02
Targets
DAT (Dopamine plasma membrane transport protein)SERT (Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter)NET (Norepinephrine Transporter)MAOA (Monoamine oxidase A)
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