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4C12 is an agonistic Armenian hamster monoclonal antibody (clone 4C12) that specifically targets murine death receptor 3 (DR3, also known as TNFRSF25). Developed at the University of Miami, 4C12 acts as a functional agonist of TNFRSF25, triggering the rapid and selective expansion and activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo. This expansion is dependent on TCR engagement with MHC class II and IL-2 signaling. 4C12 has been widely utilized as a preclinical research tool to study Treg biology and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of DR3 activation in animal models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), allergic asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune uveitis. It served as the parental antibody for the development of the humanized clinical candidate PTX-35.
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