5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin

5-hydroxy-1-methylhydantoin is a small-molecule antioxidant that is an endogenous metabolite of creatinine and has been developed as an orally active intrinsic antioxidant (code names NZ-419/HD 003) with potential applications in chronic renal failure and paraquat-induced organ injury.[1][5][7][9][11][13] Preclinical studies indicate that it potently scavenges hydroxyl radicals, reduces lipid peroxidation (e.g., lowers malondialdehyde), and enhances intrinsic antioxidant defenses such as superoxide dismutase activity, thereby attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue damage in kidney and lung models.[1][9][11][13] Mechanistically, its hydantoin ring structure allows direct chemical quenching of reactive oxygen species and modulation of redox-related metabolic pathways including glutathione metabolism, taurine/hypotaurine metabolism, and central energy metabolism, positioning it as a potential adjunctive therapy to limit oxidative and inflammatory injury in conditions such as paraquat poisoning and chronic kidney disease.[1][5][9][11][13]

Other names

5-hydroxy-1-methylimidazoline-2,4-dioneHMH