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absolute ethanol
- Development stage
- Approved
- Modality
- Small Molecules, Implantable Devices → Device-based Delivery → Drug Delivery Systems
- Administration
- Topical, Intravenous, Intravascular, Intra-arterial, Intralesional, Perineural
01
Overview
Absolute ethanol is the highly purified form of ethanol (ethyl alcohol) containing no more than 1% water. It is a clear, colorless liquid with the chemical formula C₂H₅OH and is both volatile and flammable. Absolute ethanol serves as a pharmaceutical active ingredient and excipient. Medically, it is used as an antiseptic/disinfectant; as a sclerosant in sclerotherapy for vascular malformations; for neurolysis in pain management (e.g., trigeminal neuralgia); as an embolic agent in interventional radiology; and as an antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning by competitively inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase. In addition to its direct pharmacological effects—such as CNS depression via modulation of GABA-A receptors and inhibition of NMDA receptor function—it acts locally by dehydrating cells (osmotic effect), leading to cell death when injected into tissues or vessels[1][6][8]. Absolute ethanol also serves widely as a solvent for water-insoluble drugs[7][8].
- Brand names
- Ablysinol
- Other names
- pure alcoholethyl alcoholethanolspiritus fortisdehydrated alcohol
02
Targets
GABRR (GABA-A receptor subunit rho)NMDAR (Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA)Glycine receptor
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