acetaldehyde

Acetaldehyde is a colorless, flammable liquid with a pungent odor, primarily used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an endogenous intermediate produced during the metabolism of ethanol (alcohol) in the body. Acetaldehyde exerts general narcotic effects and can cause irritation to mucous membranes; at high doses it may lead to respiratory paralysis and death[1][2]. Pharmacologically, acetaldehyde has both toxic and active properties—direct administration into the brain produces sedative as well as movement- and memory-impairing effects at high doses, while lower doses can produce behavioral stimulation characteristic of addictive drugs[5][8]. Mechanistically, acetaldehyde stimulates release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve cells and adrenal glands (leading to cardiovascular symptoms), as well as histamine and bradykinin (causing vasodilation)[5]. It also affects dopamine neurotransmission by increasing neuronal firing in reward-related brain regions such as the ventral tegmental area[8].

Other names

ethanal