AdCAIL-2

AdCAIL-2 is an investigational gene therapy using an adenoviral vector to deliver interleukin-2 (IL-2) directly into tumors, specifically studied in prostate cancer. The therapy aims to stimulate a local immune response by increasing IL-2 expression within the tumor microenvironment, thereby activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes and promoting tumor necrosis. A Phase I clinical trial demonstrated safety and feasibility of intraprostatic administration in patients with localized prostate cancer, showing immune activation and some reduction in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Side effects observed included perineal discomfort, hematuria, flu-like symptoms, and urinary hesitancy. This approach represents a form of immunotherapy leveraging cytokine gene delivery for cancer treatment.[6]