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Agaricus subrufescens (historically known as *Agaricus brasiliensis*, *Agaricus blazei*, or Royal Sun Agaricus) is an edible and medicinal mushroom native to Brazil and widely cultivated for nutraceutical use. The mushroom is rich in bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides (notably β-glucans), polyphenols, and other metabolites that have been shown in preclinical studies to exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. Its immunomodulatory activity is thought to involve stimulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses, including enhanced phagocytosis, increased cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β), and regulation of oxidative stress[2][4][5][7]. It is used for a variety of claimed indications, such as cancer, sepsis, diabetes, atherosclerosis, chronic hepatitis, and to support general immune function, though strong clinical evidence is lacking[1][3][5]. Taxonomically, "agaricus brasiliensis" is now considered a synonym of *Agaricus subrufescens* due to priority rules in fungal nomenclature[6].
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