alder pollen allergoid

Alder pollen allergoid is a chemically modified allergen extract derived from alder tree pollen, used for subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SIT) to reduce symptoms of allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and allergic asthma caused by alder pollen. In allergoids, the native allergen proteins are denatured (often using glutaraldehyde), reducing IgE-mediated allergenicity while retaining T cell and IgG-binding epitopes, thus decreasing acute allergic reactions. The principal mechanism is immune tolerance induction through exposure to hypoallergenic, immunogenic allergen derivatives, which leads to mast cell and basophil desensitization early after treatment, followed by the induction of allergen-specific regulatory T cells and a shift from IgE to IgG4 antibody production. Alder pollen allergoid is often formulated with an adjuvant such as L-tyrosine for depot effect and is administered via subcutaneous injection in a patient-specific mixture of pollen allergoids, frequently in combination with birch and hazel allergoids. Treatment is typically preseasonal with a short initial and maintenance course, aiming for disease modification and long-lasting symptom control[1][2][3].