aloin

Aloin is a naturally occurring anthrone C-glucoside and a hydroxyanthracene derivative found in the exudate of at least 68 Aloe species. It exists as a diastereoisomeric mixture of aloin A (barbaloin) and aloin B (isobarbaloin), both yellow-brown bitter compounds. Aloin acts primarily as a stimulant-laxative by inducing bowel movements through increased secretion of water and electrolytes in the intestine. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-tumor (antiproliferative), and wound-healing properties. Mechanistically, it inhibits tyrosinase activity and has been shown to suppress inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB signaling and JAK1-STAT1/3 activation. Aloin may also inhibit proteasome activity in vitro[1][2][5][7]. Historically used for constipation relief and skin conditions (acne, burns), its use in over-the-counter laxatives was banned by the FDA due to concerns about carcinogenicity[1][4]. It remains present in some dietary supplements.

Other names

barbaloinisobarbaloinβ-barbaloin