alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone

Alpha-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP), also known as APA-01 and by several other code names and street names such as "flakka" or "gravel", is a synthetic stimulant of the cathinone class. It was developed in the 1960s and is chemically related to pyrovalerone; it is the ketone analog of prolintane. α-PVP acts primarily as a psychostimulant with effects similar to cocaine or amphetamines. Its mechanism involves inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake transporters (NDRI), leading to increased concentrations of these neurotransmitters in synaptic clefts. The drug has been used recreationally for its euphoric and stimulating effects but is associated with significant adverse events including agitation, paranoia, hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension, aggression, psychosis-like states and risk of overdose[2]. It has no approved medical use.

Brand names

flakkagravel

Other names

alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone