amifostine + idarubicin + cytarabine

**Amifostine + idarubicin + cytarabine** is a combination chemotherapy regimen used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly in patients with relapsed or refractory disease and myelodysplastic syndromes. Amifostine acts as a cytoprotective agent, reducing the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs by scavenging free radicals and protecting normal tissues from DNA damage. Idarubicin is an anthracycline antibiotic that works primarily through DNA intercalation and topoisomerase II inhibition, leading to impaired DNA replication and cell death. Cytarabine (Ara-C) is a pyrimidine analog that interferes with DNA synthesis during the S-phase of the cell cycle, inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells. The regimen aims to increase antileukemic efficacy while attempting to mitigate adverse effects with amifostine, though toxicity such as mucositis and diarrhea remains significant[1][7].