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An anti-cKit receptor antibody is a monoclonal antibody designed to target and inhibit the c-Kit receptor (also known as CD117 or stem cell factor receptor). c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on various cell types, including hematopoietic stem cells, mast cells, melanocytes, and interstitial cells of Cajal. Binding of its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), induces receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation, activating downstream signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Dysregulation or overexpression of c-Kit is implicated in several malignancies, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and systemic mastocytosis, as well as mast cell-driven inflammatory diseases like chronic urticaria and asthma. Anti-cKit antibodies (such as barzolvolimab and briquilimab) work by blocking SCF binding or inducing receptor internalization, leading to mast cell depletion or clearance of hematopoietic stem cells, making them valuable therapeutic candidates for inflammatory disorders and as non-genotoxic conditioning agents for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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