anti-ICOS

Anti-ICOS refers to monoclonal antibodies designed to block the Inducible T-cell COStimulator (ICOS) receptor. This therapeutic strategy aims to suppress the activity of ICOS-positive regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are known to create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by upregulating PD-1 expression and inhibiting cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. By blocking ICOS, anti-ICOS antibodies can reverse Treg-mediated immunosuppression, thereby enhancing the function of anti-tumor immune cells. Preclinical studies have shown that targeting ICOS can significantly reduce mammary tumor growth and, when combined with anti-PD-1 therapy, demonstrates synergistic anti-tumor activity and improved metastasis-free survival in breast cancer models. This approach is being investigated as a potential therapeutic strategy for early-stage or advanced breast cancer.