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anti-MESO CAR T cells (also known as mRNA CAR-mesothelin T cells or CARTmeso cells) is an investigational autologous cell therapy developed by Ruijin Hospital. It consists of patient-derived T cells engineered via mRNA electroporation to transiently express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting mesothelin (MSLN), a protein overexpressed in various solid tumors. The CAR construct includes CD3-ζ and 4-1BB co-stimulatory domains. Unlike traditional CAR-T therapies that use viral vectors for stable integration, the mRNA-based approach results in transient CAR expression, which is intended to mitigate potential off-target toxicities. It is currently being evaluated in Phase I clinical trials (e.g., the Amaretto study, NCT04981691) for the treatment of refractory advanced solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, malignant mesothelioma, gastric cancer, and bowel cancer.
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