anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody + carboplatin + etoposide

This is a combination therapy consisting of an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, carboplatin, and etoposide. Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies are immune checkpoint inhibitors that block the interaction between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on T cells. This blockade reactivates T cells to recognize and kill cancer cells[3][4][5]. Carboplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapy agent that causes DNA crosslinking and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. Etoposide is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces DNA strand breaks, leading to cell death. The combination of these agents is used primarily for the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), as demonstrated in clinical trials with specific anti-PD-L1 antibodies such as socazolimab[6]. The regimen leverages both immunotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy mechanisms for synergistic antitumor effects.