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anti-VEGFR-2 CAR-T cells are a form of cell therapy in which autologous or allogeneic T cells are genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that specifically recognizes vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). The CAR typically uses a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from an anti-VEGFR-2 antibody (e.g., DC101 for murine, KDR1121 for human) fused to T cell signaling domains, such as CD28, 4-1BB, and CD3-zeta. The primary mechanism is to target and destroy VEGFR-2-expressing vascular endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature, thereby disrupting tumor blood supply and inhibiting tumor growth. These cells are developed and evaluated primarily for the treatment of solid tumors by targeting the tumor neovasculature rather than tumor parenchyma. The approach is in preclinical or early clinical development, with some trials terminated due to lack of efficacy. Combination with anti-VEGF-A therapies has been shown to enhance antitumor efficacy in preclinical studies[1][3].
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