antroquinonol

Antroquinonol is a small molecule natural product isolated from the fungus Antrodia camphorata (also known as Taiwanofungus camphoratus). It has been investigated primarily for its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic properties. Mechanistically, antroquinonol acts as an inhibitor of protein isoprenyl transferases (including farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase-I), leading to inhibition of Ras and Rho signaling pathways in cancer cells[6]. It also modulates key oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and activates AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), resulting in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis (both caspase-dependent and -independent), autophagic cell death, and senescence[3][8]. Additional reported mechanisms include modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways[4]. Preclinical studies have shown cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines; however, some later studies reported minimal activity in certain models[1]. Clinically, it has reached phase II trials for indications including non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, hepatitis B infection, atopic dermatitis, colorectal cancer, COVID‑19 pneumonia, and hyperlipidemia[4].

Brand names

Hocena

Other names

antroquinonolAntroquinonol A(+)-Antroquinonol A