apoferritin

Apoferritin is the iron-free, shell-like protein component of ferritin, consisting of 24 self-assembling subunits that form a hollow nanocage with an outer diameter of approximately 12 nm. In biological systems, it functions as the precursor to ferritin, which stores and releases iron to maintain iron homeostasis and prevent iron-mediated oxidative damage. In pharmaceutical development, apoferritin is primarily utilized as a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic nanoparticle delivery system. Its unique structure allows for the encapsulation of various therapeutic agents, including small molecules (such as doxorubicin or cisplatin) and imaging agents, within its internal cavity. Apoferritin naturally targets the Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1/CD71), which is frequently overexpressed in malignant cells and at the blood-brain barrier, facilitating targeted delivery via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Additionally, apoferritin is studied in experimental models of neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson's disease, for its ability to sequester labile iron and inhibit iron-dependent ferroptosis.

Other names

Apo-ferritinhorse spleen apoferritinrecombinant human apoferritin