APPA

APPA is an oral, fixed-dose combination of two small molecules, apocynin and paeonol, being developed by AKL Research & Development for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Apocynin is a plant-derived compound that acts as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, thereby reducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Paeonol, also plant-derived, modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Together, these components exert a synergistic anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effect, aiming to provide pain relief and slow disease progression in patients with knee osteoarthritis without the gastrointestinal or cardiovascular risks associated with traditional NSAIDs.

Other names

apocynin + paeonolapocynin and paeonol