apple oligogalactan

Apple oligogalactan (AOG) is a bioactive carbohydrate derived from apple pectin, specifically composed of five galacturonic acid subunits. It has demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects in preclinical models, particularly in the context of colitis-associated colon cancer[1][2]. Mechanistically, AOG targets the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing inflammation and carcinogenesis by modulating TLR4 membrane internalization and redistribution, which in turn inhibits downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine production (e.g., TNF-α) and NF-κB activation[1][2]. AOG acts as a low-activity agonist of TLR4, competing with LPS and thereby attenuating the inflammatory cascade[1][2]. Additionally, AOG has been shown to enhance the anticancer effects of chemotherapy agents such as 5-fluorouracil and to exhibit synergistic effects with irinotecan, further reducing tumor growth and improving therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer models[3][8]. There is no evidence of clinical development or marketing under a unique brand name, and current evidence is limited to preclinical research.

Other names

apple oligogalactanAOG