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**Articaine + epinephrine** is a fixed-dose dental local-anesthetic combination, typically supplied as articaine hydrochloride 4% with epinephrine at 1:100,000 or 1:200,000. Articaine reversibly blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in peripheral nerves, preventing initiation and propagation of pain impulses. Epinephrine is included as a local vasoconstrictor, primarily through alpha-1 adrenergic receptor activation, which reduces local blood flow, prolongs anesthesia, limits systemic absorption, and improves hemostasis. It is used by intraoral submucosal infiltration or nerve block for simple and complex dental procedures in adults and pediatric patients aged 4 years and older. ([accessdata.fda.gov](https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2025/022466s009lbl.pdf))
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