aspirin + diclofenac + metformin

This is a combination drug containing three active pharmaceutical ingredients: - **Aspirin** is an acetylsalicylic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis. It is used for its analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. - **Diclofenac** is a phenylacetic acid derivative NSAID that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes to reduce inflammation and pain. It is commonly used to treat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis[2]. - **Metformin** is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity, and enhances peripheral glucose uptake[1]. There are no known approved or marketed products combining all three agents together as a single formulation. Each component has distinct mechanisms of action targeting different pathways—aspirin and diclofenac both act on prostaglandin synthesis but have different pharmacokinetics; metformin acts on metabolic pathways related to glucose homeostasis.