astaxanthin

Astaxanthin is a red fat-soluble xanthophyll carotenoid pigment found naturally in microalgae (notably Haematococcus pluvialis), yeast, and marine animals such as krill and salmon. It is structurally similar to other carotenoids but distinguished by the presence of both hydroxyl and keto groups at each end of its polyene chain. This unique structure confers potent antioxidant properties—significantly stronger than vitamin E or β-carotene—by allowing it to align within cell membranes and protect against oxidative stress. Astaxanthin acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by inhibiting NF-kB signaling pathways and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has been studied for potential benefits in cardiovascular health, metabolic syndrome (including diabetes), skin protection from UV damage, anti-aging effects, improved blood flow in hypertension models, chemoprevention via upregulation of connexin 43 expression in vitro, and general cellular protection[1][6][8].

Brand names

BioAstinCarophyll PinkHaeMatococcus Powder

Other names

all-trans-Astaxanthin6-hydroxy-3-[...]-2,4,4-trimethyl-cyclohex-2-en-1-one (IUPAC)dihydroxy-3,3' dioxo-4,4' β-carotene